Ministério da Saúde 2021).Īlphaviruses are distributed worldwide and comprise at least 40 described species and a dozen of variants or subtypes of enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses, of which one-third have economic or medical importance ( Atkins 2013).
Most of them cause similar clinical symptoms at the first stages of infection in humans, impairing differential diagnostic ( Carvalho et al. This situation is especially relevant in Brazil, where the circulation of arboviruses from the Flaviviridae and Togaviridae families such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) overlaps. 2017).Įffective surveillance that enables the discovery of new emerging pathogens before they cause damage is considered the best choice to anticipate and mitigate the effects of emerging infectious diseases ( Taylor, Latham, and Woolhouse 2001 King et al. Unplanned demographic expansion, biodiversity destruction, and global warming directly impact the balance of wild transmission cycles that may impact viral dispersion and new transmission cycles ( Gould et al. The emergence of a virus is characteristically related both to the evolution and adaptation of viruses and to anthropogenic factors.
Alphavirus, emerging arboviruses, phylogeny, CpG dinucleotide, codon adaptation, Trichoprosopon, Wyeomyia 1.
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